Language, Customs, Rules, Roles, and MoralsĮvery society must socialize its children by teaching them language, customs, rules, roles, and morals. If you stop to think about a time when you felt angry or rejected, you will be moving this memory from the preconscious to the conscious level of awareness. Contains material that can be easily brought to awareness. The conscious level includes everything we are aware of at a given moment, including thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and memories. Unconscious thoughts, feelings, or urges may slip into behavior in disguised or symbolic form.Ĭonscious. Especially important are areas linked with emotion and memory -such as the hippocampus in the limbic system (Reiser, 1985 Wilson, 1985). Modern scientists are beginning to find brain areas that seem to have the kinds of unconscious effects that Freud described. Contains repressed memories and emotions, plus the instinctual drives of the Id. When its standards are met, pride is felt. The ego ideal is a source of goals and aspirations. When the standards of the conscience are not met, you are punished internally by guilt feelings.Įgo ideal, reflects all behavior one's parents approved of or rewarded. In contrast, an overly strict or harsh superego may cause inhibition, rigidity, or unbearable guilt.Ĭonscience, a part of the superego, reflects all actions for which a person has been punished. A person with a weak superego will be a delinquent, criminal, or antisocial personality. Acts as a judge or censor for the thoughts and actions of the ego -an "internalized parent" to bring behavior under control. The Id can only form mental images of things it desires ("Primary process thinking.") The ego wins power to direct behavior by relating the desires of the id to external reality. The Id is like a blind king or queen whose power is awesome but who must rely on others to carry out orders. It is in conscious control of the personality. It is the system of thinking, planning, problem solving, and deciding. The "executive." It is guided by the reality principle -it delays action until it is practical or appropriate. NOTE: Most Id energies, then, are aimed at a discharge of tensions related to sex and aggression.Įgo. Thanatos, responsible for aggressive and destructive urges Libido, energy, which promotes survival, underlies sexual desires, and is expressed whenever we seek pleasure. A well of energy for the entire psyche :Įros: LIfe instincts. Self-serving, irrational, impulsive, and totally unconscious, it operates on the pleasure principle: pleasure-seeking urges of all kinds are freely expressed. Innate biological instincts and urges present at birth. Each person develops habitual ways of calming these anxieties, and many resort to using ego-defense mechanisms to lessen internal conflicts. Anxiety may occur when the ego feels overwhelmed - neurotic anxiety when impulses from the id are barely kept under control - moral anxiety when there are threats of punishment from the superego. The ego is always in the middle dealing not only with id and superego, but also with external reality. Ego sometimes giving in to the seduction of the Id, and sometimes forced by superego to displace or sublimate behavior to other activities. Internal struggles and rechanneled energies typify most personality functioning. Structure or Personality Freud viewed personality as a dynamic system directed by three structures, and each of these is a complex system in its own right -separate and conflicting mental processes - but most behavior involves the activity of all three. "My life has been aimed at one goal only to infer or to guess how the mental apparatus is constructed and what forces interplay and counteract in it." He evolved the following theory of personality from 1890 till he died in 1939: A Viennese physician realized that many of his patient's problems seemed to lack physical causes. For clarity, we will confine ourselves to three broad perspectives: (1) Psychodynamic Theories, which focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles, (2) Behavioristic Theories, which place greater importance on the external environment and on the effects of conditioning and learning, and (3) Humanistic Theories, which stress subjective experience and personal growth. It is possible to introduce only a few of the most influential. There are dozens of personality theories. Theories of Personality - Dimensions of Personality - From Birth to Death - Child Development Theories of Personality The Brain, Biology, and Behavior - Sensation & reality - Perceiving the World - States of ConsciousnessĬonditioning & Learning - Cognition & Creativity - Artificial Intelligence - Enhancing CreativityĮmotion - Health, Stress & Coping - ANS Effects Introduction to Psychology, Exploration and Application. Return to - Notes for a Perspective on Art Education - NOTES on Child Development
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